{"id":2855,"date":"2024-10-31T14:15:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T12:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/?p=2855"},"modified":"2024-10-31T14:16:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T12:16:03","slug":"jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx","title":{"rendered":"Jacob Levy Moreno \u2013 remarcabilul psiholog rom\u00e2n al secolului XX"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Secolul XX a marcat o perioad\u0103 de \u00eenflorire a \u0219tiin\u021bei psihologice, \u00een care s-au realizat numeroase cercet\u0103ri importante, oferind oamenilor din \u00eentreaga lume instrumente de gestionare a problemelor de criz\u0103 \u0219i a afec\u021biunilor mentale. \u00cen acest articol, vom povesti despre psihologul, psihiatrul \u0219i sociologul rom\u00e2n Jacob Levy Moreno \u0219i despre principalele sale realiz\u0103ri \u00een domeniul psihologiei. Mai multe pe <a href=\"http:\/\/bucharestka.eu\">bucharestka.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ff585517217\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #090909;color:#090909\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #090909;color:#090909\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ff585517217\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx\/#Biografie\" >Biografie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx\/#Educatie\" >Educa\u021bie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx\/#Psihodrama_si_psihoterapia_de_grup\" >Psihodrama \u0219i psihoterapia de grup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx\/#Sociometria\" >Sociometria<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-2855-jacob-levy-moreno-remarcabilul-psiholog-roman-al-secolului-xx\/#Migrarea_lui_Moreno_in_Statele_Unite\" >Migrarea lui Moreno \u00een Statele Unite<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biografie\"><\/span>Biografie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Viitorul psiholog remarcabil s-a n\u0103scut pe 18 mai 1889 la <a href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/uk\/eternal\/hto-keruye-buharestom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bucure\u0219ti<\/a>, \u00eentr-o familie evreiasc\u0103. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u era negustor. Moreno era \u00eenclinat s\u0103 creeze diverse mituri \u0219i \u00eei pl\u0103cea s\u0103 povesteasc\u0103 c\u0103 s-ar fi n\u0103scut pe o corabie \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103. Potrivit lui, nimeni nu \u0219tia ce fel de corabie era: rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, greceasc\u0103 sau turceasc\u0103. Din aceast\u0103 legend\u0103 ar fi ap\u0103rut incertitudinea asupra cet\u0103\u021beniei sale: \u201eM-am n\u0103scut cet\u0103\u021bean al universului, asemenea unui marinar care navigheaz\u0103 pe m\u0103rile lumii dintr-o \u021bar\u0103 \u00een alta.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copil\u0103ria lui Moreno a fost de asemenea plin\u0103 de legende. \u00cei pl\u0103cea s\u0103 povesteasc\u0103 o \u00eent\u00e2mplare \u00een care juca \u00eempreun\u0103 cu al\u021bi copii \u201ede-a Dumnezeu\u201d. El a decis s\u0103 fie Dumnezeu, iar celorlal\u021bi copii le-a atribuit roluri de \u00eengeri. Copiii au fost de acord \u0219i au construit un \u201ecer\u201d din scaune, Moreno st\u00e2nd deasupra, \u00een timp ce \u201e\u00eengerii\u201d alergau dedesubt c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd \u0219i flutur\u00e2nd bra\u021bele, ca \u0219i cum ar fi avut aripi. Moreno considera aceast\u0103 joac\u0103 \u00eenceputul a ceea ce mai t\u00e2rziu va numi \u201epsihodram\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1895, familia Moreno s-a mutat la Viena, iar \u00een 1905 p\u0103rin\u021bii s-au mutat la Berlin, \u00een timp ce Jacob a r\u0103mas la Viena. A povestit c\u0103 a fost o decizie dificil\u0103. St\u0103tea \u00een fa\u021ba unei statui a lui Hristos \u0219i se g\u00e2ndea ce s\u0103 aleag\u0103: familia sau propriul s\u0103u univers? S-a ales pe sine. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, Moreno \u0219i-a format pentru totdeauna credin\u021ba c\u0103 adev\u0103rata psihoterapie poate fi doar psihoterapia umanit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentregi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Educatie\"><\/span>Educa\u021bie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1909, Moreno a intrat la Universitatea din Viena, unde a studiat filosofie \u0219i medicin\u0103. Legenda principal\u0103 din acea perioad\u0103 este \u00eent\u00e2lnirea dintre Moreno \u0219i Freud. Dup\u0103 o prelegere, Freud l-a \u00eentrebat pe Moreno cu ce se ocup\u0103. Moreno i-a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 el \u00eencepe acolo unde Freud se opre\u0219te: \u201eDumneavoastr\u0103 lucra\u021bi cu oamenii \u00een medii artificiale, eu \u00eei \u00eent\u00e2lnesc pe strad\u0103 \u0219i acas\u0103; dumneavoastr\u0103 le analiza\u021bi visele \u0219i dorin\u021bele, eu \u00eei \u00eencurajez s\u0103 \u00eendr\u0103zneasc\u0103 s\u0103 viseze din nou.\u201d Freud l-a privit pe Moreno \u0219i i-a z\u00e2mbit enigmatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Psihodrama_si_psihoterapia_de_grup\"><\/span>Psihodrama \u0219i psihoterapia de grup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacob Moreno a ini\u021biat psihoterapia de grup. Principala sa metod\u0103 \u00een cadrul acesteia a devenit psihodrama, un concept dezvoltat de-a lungul mai multor ani. Moreno era pasionat de teatru \u0219i, \u00eenc\u0103 din copil\u0103rie, \u00eei pl\u0103ceau jocurile de rol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un pas important \u00een dezvoltarea psihodramei a fost cercetarea lui Moreno despre via\u021ba prostituatelor. Printre principalele concluzii trase de el \u00een urma acestor studii se num\u0103r\u0103 faptul c\u0103 prostituatele constituie un grup autonom cu o structur\u0103 clar\u0103, av\u00e2nd un ordin social propriu cu tipare \u0219i roluri distincte, \u00eens\u0103 cu probleme de autonomie \u0219i anonimat individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreno a \u00eenceput s\u0103 aplice metoda sa \u00een practic\u0103 \u00een 1921. Primul caz a implicat un b\u0103rbat care inten\u021biona s\u0103-\u0219i ia via\u021ba. Moreno a \u00eenceput s\u0103-i interpreteze fanteziile pacientului s\u0103u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1922 a avut loc un alt caz interesant: so\u021bul actri\u021bei Barbara, care juca mereu \u00een teatru roluri de \u201efete bune\u201d, a venit la Moreno, pl\u00e2ng\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 acas\u0103 Barbara era insuportabil\u0103 \u0219i cert\u0103rea\u021b\u0103. Moreno i-a sugerat s\u0103 accepte roluri mai agresive. C\u00e2nd Barbara a \u00eenceput s\u0103 joace roluri de prostituate, femei tr\u0103date sau amante, a devenit mai calm\u0103 \u0219i mai lini\u0219tit\u0103 acas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Data oficial\u0103 a na\u0219terii psihodramei este 1 aprilie 1921, c\u00e2nd Moreno a \u00eencercat s\u0103 implice publicul din Teatrul de Comedie din Viena \u00eentr-o pies\u0103 despre situa\u021bia politic\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii. De\u0219i nu a avut succes, acea zi a devenit istoric\u0103 pentru sus\u021bin\u0103torii acestei metode psihologice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociometria\"><\/span>Sociometria<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00centre 1915-1916, lucr\u00e2nd cu refugia\u021bi, Moreno a concluzionat c\u0103 oamenii ar trebui s\u0103 fie grupa\u021bi dup\u0103 na\u021bionalitate, religie \u0219i vederi politice pentru a le asigura o via\u021b\u0103 social\u0103 mai confortabil\u0103. Acest principiu l-a numit \u201esociometrie\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sociometria a devenit un instrument aplicativ nu doar \u00een psihologie, ci \u0219i \u00een sociologie. Principalul s\u0103u dezavantaj const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 poate fi utilizat doar pentru studierea grupurilor deja constituite, necesit\u00e2nd alte instrumente pentru grupurile nou-formate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sociometria permite identificarea structurii \u0219i dinamicii rela\u021biilor \u00eentr-un colectiv, nivelul de dezvoltare, gradul de unitate, caracteristicile socio-psihologice, cauzele conflictelor, liderii grupului etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Migrarea_lui_Moreno_in_Statele_Unite\"><\/span>Migrarea lui Moreno \u00een Statele Unite<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1925, Moreno a trebuit s\u0103 migreze. Avea dou\u0103 op\u021biuni: Statele Unite sau Uniunea Sovietic\u0103. A ales America. \u00cen 1928, printr-o c\u0103s\u0103torie fictiv\u0103, a ob\u021binut pa\u0219aport american.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1934, a publicat o monografie important\u0103, \u201eWho Shall Survive?\u201d, dedicat\u0103 rezultatelor cercet\u0103rii sale \u00een sociometrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1936, Moreno a deschis spitalul psihiatric \u201eBeacon Hill\u201d, care a devenit un centru de cercetare \u0219i educa\u021bie. Astfel, psihodrama a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se popularizeze. Au urmat numeroase cercet\u0103ri \u0219i lucr\u0103ri. \u00cen 1974, Moreno a suferit mai multe accidente vasculare cerebrale, iar pe 14 mai a aceluia\u0219i an a decedat. Pe piatra sa funerar\u0103 este scris un epitaf pe care el \u00eensu\u0219i l-a ales: \u201eAici odihne\u0219te omul care a adus glume \u0219i r\u00e2s \u00een psihoterapie.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestka.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/79\/2024\/10\/ad_4nxfyfmvquqzy3ndp5ljs5ebmurw-k2ouitxrolj5benw2cqrijszqjdaqrktp1djciycyryf05mgv-7czwsroq6dvucpqsqzcctgr7cph0-qna6i4bx41chuncvcmoyy1hzasao8rlht5ag8ahilubkyssackeywo3umvvmre-09zysqc3ktmqg.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Secolul XX a marcat o perioad\u0103 de \u00eenflorire a \u0219tiin\u021bei psihologice, \u00een care s-au realizat numeroase cercet\u0103ri importante, oferind oamenilor din \u00eentreaga lume instrumente de gestionare a problemelor de criz\u0103 \u0219i a afec\u021biunilor mentale. \u00cen acest articol, vom povesti despre psihologul, psihiatrul \u0219i sociologul rom\u00e2n Jacob Levy Moreno \u0219i despre principalele sale realiz\u0103ri \u00een domeniul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":374,"featured_media":2858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1079],"tags":[1599,1598,1600,1606,1607,1603,1602,1604,1608,1601,1605],"motype":[1082],"moformat":[66],"moimportance":[34,33],"class_list":{"0":"post-2855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-psihologiya-zhinki-ro","8":"tag-bucuresti","9":"tag-istorie","10":"tag-moreno-levy","11":"tag-oameni-de-stiinta-din-bucuresti","12":"tag-om-de-stiinta-roman","13":"tag-psihiatru","14":"tag-psihodrama","15":"tag-psiholog","16":"tag-psihologie","17":"tag-psihoterapie","18":"tag-sociolog","19":"motype-eternal-ro","20":"moformat-vlasna","21":"moimportance-golovna-novina","22":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatori"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/374"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2864,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions\/2864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=2855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}