{"id":3044,"date":"2024-10-31T21:54:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T19:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/?p=3044"},"modified":"2024-10-31T21:54:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T19:54:56","slug":"evolutia-vietii-profesionale-a-femeilor-din-bucuresti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/eternal-ro-3044-evolutia-vietii-profesionale-a-femeilor-din-bucuresti","title":{"rendered":"Evolu\u021bia vie\u021bii profesionale a femeilor din Bucure\u0219ti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ast\u0103zi, femeile din Bucure\u0219ti sunt participante active la via\u021ba social\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 a ora\u0219ului \u0219i a \u021b\u0103rii. Ele au acces la educa\u021bie \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i pot alege orice profesie doresc, \u00eens\u0103 nu a fost mereu a\u0219a. Via\u021ba profesional\u0103 a femeilor din capitala Rom\u00e2niei a fost influen\u021bat\u0103 puternic de mi\u0219carea feminist\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. \u00cen acest articol, vom povesti cum au ajuns femeile din capitala Rom\u00e2niei s\u0103 aib\u0103 dreptul de a alege liber ce vor s\u0103 fac\u0103 \u0219i cum vor s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103. Mai multe pe <a href=\"http:\/\/bucharestka.eu\">bucharestka.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cenceputurile feminismului rom\u00e2nesc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prima und\u0103 de feminism rom\u00e2nesc coincide cu prima und\u0103 feminist\u0103 din toate \u021b\u0103rile europene. Totu\u0219i, era un \u201efeminism elitist\u201d \u00een Bucure\u0219ti, ini\u021biat de femei cu un nivel \u00eenalt de educa\u021bie \u0219i acces la cultura occidental\u0103. La acea vreme, aproape 80% din societatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 era agrar\u0103, iar industrializarea acoperea doar o mic\u0103 parte din \u021bar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi\u0219carea feminist\u0103 a \u00eenceput ca un r\u0103spuns la statutul normativ sc\u0103zut al femeilor. Codul Civil din 1885 considera femeile incapabile din punct de vedere social, politic \u0219i economic, pun\u00e2ndu-le la acela\u0219i nivel cu copiii sau cu persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi mentale. F\u0103r\u0103 permisiunea b\u0103rba\u021bilor, femeile nu aveau dreptul s\u0103 semneze contracte sau s\u0103 cheltuie bani. De asemenea, femeile \u00ee\u0219i pierdeau cet\u0103\u021benia rom\u00e2n\u0103 dac\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreau cu str\u0103ini. Nu aveau dreptul s\u0103 aleag\u0103 locul de re\u0219edin\u021b\u0103, acesta fiind stabilit de so\u021b. Alegerea profesiei era o discu\u021bie imposibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen perioada interbelic\u0103, situa\u021bia s-a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit odat\u0103 cu adoptarea unor legi ale muncii. Femeile nu mai erau considerate incapabile legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Feminista rom\u00e2n\u0103 Eleonora Stratilescu a propus anumite cerin\u021be \u00een diverse domenii, inclusiv \u00een cel profesional. Aceste cerin\u021be au fost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Economice: plat\u0103 egal\u0103 pentru munc\u0103 egal\u0103; protec\u021bia muncii femeilor \u0219i a rezultatelor acesteia; m\u0103suri pentru combaterea mortalit\u0103\u021bii infantile \u00een condi\u021bii s\u0103race.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Culturale: acces egal la toate formele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i cariere; echilibru \u00eentre carier\u0103 \u0219i maternitate; acces la educa\u021bie mixt\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u0103s\u0103torie \u0219i familie: egalitate \u00eentre so\u021bi \u00een lege \u0219i educa\u021bie; controlul propriilor bunuri; dreptul femeii de a primi parte din venitul so\u021bului pentru munca \u00een gospod\u0103rie; abolirea standardelor morale duble, eliminarea prostitu\u021biei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social-politice: egalitate \u00een drepturi civile \u0219i politice; participarea femeilor \u00een institu\u021bii de stat, func\u021bii \u0219i pozi\u021bii de autoritate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Din 1948, orice discriminare pe baz\u0103 de gen a fost interzis\u0103 \u00een Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perioada comunist\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00centregul avans al feminismului a fost pierdut odat\u0103 cu instaurarea regimului totalitar. \u00cen locul a sute de organiza\u021bii feministe care existau, a fost creat Consiliul Na\u021bional al Femeilor Rom\u00e2ne, complet controlat de Partidul Comunist Rom\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, ideile feministe erau str\u00e2ns legate de munca productiv\u0103. De\u0219i regimul comunist avea multe deficien\u021be, \u00een acea perioad\u0103 femeile au participat activ la modernizarea \u0219i industrializarea \u021b\u0103rii, lucr\u00e2nd \u00een fabrici \u0219i comb\u0103t\u00e2nd analfabetismul. Totodat\u0103, imaginea femeii comuniste sublinia dublul rol al acesteia: o muncitoare bun\u0103 \u0219i o mam\u0103 dedicat\u0103. Ziua de munc\u0103 a femeilor era dublat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1966, Decretul 770 a \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bit situa\u021bia, interzic\u00e2nd avorturile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen perioada comunist\u0103, femeile au avut acces la sfera politic\u0103, la locuri de munc\u0103, la independen\u021b\u0103 economic\u0103 relativ\u0103, la educa\u021bie \u0219i la promovare \u00een func\u021bii de conducere, dar s-au supus, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, regulilor unui singur partid, unde conducerea era majoritar masculin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rom\u00e2nia independent\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba profesional\u0103 a femeilor de ast\u0103zi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestka.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/79\/2024\/10\/ad_4nxcnubz3-ww2gw4oecfgcyeslxkl1kckzarbh3_fz9kflce_xyarzvv5su9aq0dhrnibbfmg3d52t0nq6zjc0piddb3pzeke2ziiwyauuu39s2rz2fn3x4igzx0wp2hop4nci6ddnsfejwudmwe1p1ketr-kkey8cpgrfagv-e0uqnicbx2v9e.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ob\u021binerea independen\u021bei Rom\u00e2niei, feministele din Bucure\u0219ti au avut de \u00eenfruntat noi provoc\u0103ri: combaterea sexismului, a mo\u0219tenirii mentalit\u0103\u021bilor comuniste \u0219i a \u0219ovinismului. Femeile nu aveau nicio form\u0103 de protec\u021bie sindical\u0103. Pentru prima dat\u0103 au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 din nou organiza\u021bii pentru protejarea drepturilor femeilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, c\u00e2mpul profesional pentru femei s-a l\u0103rgit semnificativ. Femeile pot alege orice domeniu \u0219i primesc o remunera\u021bie decent\u0103 pentru munca lor. Cu toate acestea, ele se confrunt\u0103 acum cu o alt\u0103 problem\u0103: lipsa echilibrului \u00eentre munc\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba personal\u0103. Femeile continu\u0103 s\u0103 poarte o mare parte din responsabilit\u0103\u021bile legate de gospod\u0103rie \u0219i cre\u0219terea copiilor, chiar dac\u0103 au un loc de munc\u0103 cu norm\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een Bucure\u0219ti persist\u0103 o inegalitate salarial\u0103 \u00eentre b\u0103rba\u021bi \u0219i femei, diferen\u021ba fiind de 4,5%. Feministele din Bucure\u0219ti pledeaz\u0103 activ pentru dreptul femeilor la un program de lucru mai flexibil, f\u0103r\u0103 a compromite posibilitatea lor de avansare profesional\u0103. Aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie ar fi destul de logic\u0103, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont c\u0103 unele femei sufer\u0103 lunar de sindrom premenstrual, care le poate face temporar incapabile de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u0219i tu te sim\u021bi obosit\u0103 la locul de munc\u0103, po\u021bi \u00eencerca s\u0103 participi la cursuri de <a href=\"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/uk\/eternal\/art-terapiya-u-buharesti\">art-terapie \u00een Bucure\u0219ti.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ast\u0103zi, femeile din Bucure\u0219ti sunt participante active la via\u021ba social\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 a ora\u0219ului \u0219i a \u021b\u0103rii. Ele au acces la educa\u021bie \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i pot alege orice profesie doresc, \u00eens\u0103 nu a fost mereu a\u0219a. Via\u021ba profesional\u0103 a femeilor din capitala Rom\u00e2niei a fost influen\u021bat\u0103 puternic de mi\u0219carea feminist\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. \u00cen acest articol, vom povesti [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":374,"featured_media":2426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1078],"tags":[1753,1749,1754,1751,1632,1752,1757,1756,1755,1750],"motype":[1082],"moformat":[1121],"moimportance":[34,33],"class_list":{"0":"post-3044","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-viata-sociala","8":"tag-cariera-femeilor","9":"tag-comunism","10":"tag-drepturile-femeii","11":"tag-egalitate","12":"tag-feminism","13":"tag-lupta-pentru-drepturile-femeii","14":"tag-munca-femeilor-in-bucuresti","15":"tag-profesii-femeilor","16":"tag-romance","17":"tag-sexism","18":"motype-eternal-ro","19":"moformat-c-l","20":"moimportance-golovna-novina","21":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatori"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/374"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3048,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044\/revisions\/3048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3044"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=3044"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=3044"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestka.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=3044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}